http://www.mnre.gov.in/pdf/jnnsm-g170610.pdf
There are two types of solar plants.
1. Photovoltaic Stand alone system
2. Electric grid connected system.
Stand alone system is independent system which generates electrical energy from photovoltaic cells. This can be installed on home's roof to fulfill the requirement of home owner. It consist of solar panels, deep cycle batteries for power back up, inverters, charge controllers & power panel etc. The part of system other than solar panel is called B.O.S(Balance of system).The grid connected system is the same as stand alone system but it has no back-up batteries, the electricity is generated and sent to electric grid. One can use also back flow meter to sell the excess amount of energy at day time and receive back when there is no sun, in night or cloudy season. Commercially grid connected systems are of two types. 1. Photovoltaic 2. Solar thermal. The photovoltaic is described as above, but the solar thermal power plant is different one. It uses parabolic concentrated glasses, synthetic oil passes through it and heated to 400°centigrade, this temperature produces super heated steam and power is generated from steam turbines just like fossil power plants. The ESOLAR has designed a solar power tower system which uses heliostats. A 50MW solar power tower system will come in Jaisalmer by ACME Jaisalmer solar thermal Pvt.Ltd. Beside solar energy lignite based power plants have been established in village Bhadres by the name RAJWEST and other in thumbali, cairn India is exploring crude oil & gas from earth, HPCL is establishing refinery in Barmer. Thus the Barmer become the energy hub in the world map.
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It is useful small houses for lighting purposes, water pump sets. It can be installed on the roof of house or ground. It consists of :- .
1 Solar panels made of mono crystalline or poly crystalline silicon cells 1000Watt.
2 Deep cycle battery 500AH
3 Combiner box
4 Charge controller
5 Inverter
6 Grounding
7 Utility circuits A.C and D.C
Site selection:- The solar panel should be mounted at shade free areas. Atleast the sun should remain during 3.0 hours before and 3.00hours after solar noon. The roof area should be 200 Square feet (Approx. 20.M2).The roof should bear wind load and panel weight. If you are installing solar panels on the ground, than these should be protected with fencing.
Solar panels mounting:- Solar panels are mounted on iron fixtures so that it can withstand wind and weight of panels. The direction of panel is south facing for maximum power tracking. The tilt angle of panels will be 25° from horizontal. This angle is called axis tracking angle. You can set 40° degree tracking angle in the month of December and 10° degree in the month of June. In the month of September & March it will be 25° degree.
Determination of south:- For correct mounting of panels you should determine the true south. Erect a 5 to 6 feet wooden stick vertically on the ground and see the shadow of this stick at the mid day time. ( watch the time of sun rise & sun set of any day and get total sun day, make it half and add to sun rise. This time is called solar noon.). The shade indicates true south and true north. You need not to find it with magnetic compass. Because for Barmer true north and magnetic north are approximately equal.
Deep cycle batteries:- Do not use automobile batteries. These batteries are different from ordinary automobile batteries. These batteries can be discharged up to 80% as compare to automotive batteries, which can be discharged up to 20%. Batteries are connected series and parallel in such a way to produce 48 Volts. 500Ah battery is sufficient.
Junction box:- Solar panels are connected parallel or series to produce 48 nominal volts.
Charge controller:- Maximum power tracking charge controller should be used. Solar power increases from sunrise and become maximum at noon and decreases to sun set. So charge controller regulates the power output.
Inverter:- It converts D.C to A.C. 48Volts D.C is converted into 230Volt A.C at frequency 50 cycles/second. Do not use U.S.A standard inverter because it uses 60c/s.
Grounding:- Solar panels should be grounded properly to save from lightening.
Utility- A.C & D.C circuits: We can use both utility electric circuits for our basic needs.
Water pumps:- Batteries and inverter is not used in this system. Two axis trackers are used to maximize power out put.
1 Rs.12/- rebate for 1KWh for photovoltaic power plant.(Commercial only)
2 Rs. 10/- rebate for 1KWh for solar thermal power plant.(Commercial only)
3 100% depreciation for all.
Cost and life of plant: The cost of 1KW power plant is Rs.92225/- LANCO
The life of solar panel is 25years. The battery life is 5 to 8 years depends upon us.
In the last solar energy is pollution free energy. It helps to reduce global warming & save lot of water. It is energy for future. U.S.A, Canada and Australian govt. are giving individual subsidy $5000/- per KW. Our govt. should provide such subsidy. Govt. should impose carbon tax to huge consumers of electricity and discharges green house gases i.e using coal & lignite for generation of electricity. The cost of solar energy in the form of solar light decreases as the time passes.
Specifications of SPV System of 1000Wp Capacity Hybrid System and Bill of material
1. Solar PV array: Capacity 1000Watt, Minimum 74 Wp for total array capacity of 1000Wp
2. Battery Bank with Battery Box/Battery Rack:
(i) 12V,800Ah. Quantity 8Nos. of 12V/100Ah
OR
(ii) 24V, 400Ah Quantity 4Nos. of 24V/100Ah
OR
(iii) 48V, 200Ah Quantity 2Nos. of 24V/100Ah
3. PCU/Inverter with charge controller:
Capacity 1200VA/1Kw PCU with inbuilt MPPT Solar Charge Controller 60Amp.Priority: Solar---Battery----Grid. Quantity 1set, Qualifying MNRE standards.
4. Cable and Connectors: Capacity 2 core, 4.0 Square MM Cable, Quantity 50Meters, ISI approved.
5. Module Mounting structure: 40x40x5mm Size, quantity as per requirement, Hot Dipped galvanized.
6. All nut & bolts: As per requirement, Shall be of high quality stainless steel
7. Balance of systems: As per requirement, of certified quality standards.
Not: (1) The system should confirm operation of 600Watt capacity for 6 hours per day
(2) All cable lengths are assumed and scope of supplier includes cables up to main distribution Board through inverter excluding internal house wiring.
How System Works
power pack is a solar cum mains hybrid inverter with solar charging priority to power domestic appliances like CFLs / Tubes, Fans, T.V., Computer etc. The unit consists of solar panel, batteries, & solar /Mains charge controller cum inverter with logic circuit.
System Description
Solar Photovoltaic Modules : A solar photovoltaic module is the basic element of each photovoltaic system. It consists of number of solar cells arranged and connected in a definite pattern. It converts solar energy into electrical energy when sunlight falls on its surface.
Solar Inverter Cum Charge Controller With Intelligent Logic Control : Solar Inverter converts DC (Direct current)power from the battery to AC (Alternating current) power compatible with the utility and AC loads. This unit consists of Solar Inverter cum Charge Controller with Intelligent Logic which controls the charging of battery from solar or mains with solar as priority.
This system monitors the Battery charge status and accordingly decides to charge the battery either from solar or from mains. First priority of charging is from solar modules and only in the absence of solar power (no-sunshine time) and when battery voltage is low (a predetermined level), the mains charger is turned ON automatically. This maintains the battery on float.
When battery bank reaches a preset low voltage, mains charger turns "ON" and charges the battery bank. Next day, when solar radiation is available, the cycle repeats. This ensures healthiness of battery and hence the life of the battery gets extended. Battery deep discharge, over charge protections are incorporated inside the Solar Inverter.
Battery
A device that converts the chemical energy contained in its active materials directly into electrical energy by means of an electrochemical reaction. Low maintenance, tubular type batteries are provided with this system.
Models Available
150VA, 250VA, 375VA, 500VA, 750VA, 1000VA and 2000VA.
Applications & Uses
For Conventional loads like lamps, tubes, fans, etc., in homes, shops, banks, hospitals, hotels etc.
